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The question “Why doesn’t Google show all my links?” gets asked all the time in forums. Generally the poster is really asking, “What do I need to do to make Google recognize my links?”, somehow inferring that they have a problem because Google doesn’t show their links.
2nd thing first
The answer to the second question is that they don’t show your links because they don’t show your links by design, its not an indication that anything is wrong with your site. For example the link operator show I have 85 links to this blog, whereas Webmaster Tools reports over 2000.
First off let’s take a look at their on-line documentation, for the definition of the link operator they say:
The query [link:] will list webpages that have links to the specified webpage. For instance, [link:www.google.com] will list webpages that have links pointing to the Google homepage. Note there can be no space between the “link:” and the web page url.
This functionality is also accessible from the Advanced Search page, under Page Specific Search > Links.
This is where most of the confusion begins. Being that we trust Google to be the #1 search engine that it is, when they tell us “will list webpages that have links” we believe them. Unfortunately the reality is that it “will list [SOME] webpages that have links.” Which is further explained in this official blog post, where they say:
You asked, and we listened: We’ve extended our support for querying links to your site to much beyond the link: operator you might have used in the past. Now you can use webmaster tools to view a much larger sample of links to pages on your site that we found on the web. Unlike the link: operator, this data is much more comprehensive and can be classified, filtered, and downloaded. All you need to do is verify site ownership to see this information.
As I indicated above using a verified account in Webmaster Tools will give you a lot more information, but there is a caveate. Not all of those links will count for anything. They don’t show every link out there, and the ones they do may be nofollowed, as explained by Matt Cutts:
Do not assume just because you see a backlink that it’s carrying weight. I’m going to say that again: Do not assume just because you see a backlink that it’s carrying weight. Sometime in the next year, someone will say “But I saw an insert-link-fad-here backlink show up in Google’s backlink tool, so it must count. Right?” And then I’ll point them back here, where I say do not assume just because you see a backlink that it’s carrying weight.
First thing 2nd
To answer the first question, “Why doesn’t Google show all my links?,” let’s imagine if they did perfectly with each and every page that links to you. Further imagine that they only show the relative links that carry weight, and even better they rank them in order of importance.
Imagine that you’re the owner of www.sockpuppets.com and you want to check your backlinks. You go to [fictitious] Google and type in link:sockpuppets.com and it shows you 2875 sites that link to you. You’ve got all the information on which sites linked to you, and what sites obviously don’t that you think should.
While perusing the internet for a gift for his niece a less than scrupulous web designer finds your site, he likes it so much he thinks he’ll copy it as imitation is the sincerest form of flattery. First he downloads your site and all of the contents, replacing the items you sell with affiliate links to other sites. Then he heads over to godaddy.com and buys sockpuppets.info for $1.99 and uploads the copy of your site to his fresh new domain.
After that is done he heads over to [fictitious] Google an types in link:sockpuppets.com and gets the complete list of sites that link to yours, imports those sites into a database, and loads up his favorite mass mailing script, and sends off a letter to 2875 sites that goes something like this:
Dear Webmaster of {sitename},
We thank you for your past support of www.sockpuppets.com through a link to our site. We never rest at sockpuppets and are always striving to improve our and thus your user’s experience. As part of our continued development we have recently launched our new and improved site on the newer top level domain www.sockpuppets.info.
During this transition the older version at sockpuppets.com will still be available, but that will be phased out next quarter.
We hope we can continue to count on your support and ask that you take a brief moment to update your link to our new domain of www.sockpuppets.info.
If you have any questions at all please feel free to send me an email.
Thank you very much,
John Smith
Webmaster
Webmaster@sockpuppet.info
Sure not all sites will respond but a good percentage will. In Google’s view those long standing links that you’ve worked so hard to build and maintain have just changed their vote from your site to this new hot site on the Internet. It won’t be long before the copied site is outranking your own site.
Now this little fictional story may be over simplified but the lesson is true. The reason Google doesn’t show the links to your site is that others could use that information to hurt you. By requiring you to verify ownership of the site, or at least control of it, they are assuring that only the right people can get this information.